Smokeless tobacco products that 'heat not burn' aren't quite as healthy as they're made out to be, as new research from the US finds that the device heats up much more than claimed, releasing toxic chemicals and increasing the amount of nicotine inhaled.

SLT contains more than 30 carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Direct release of free radicals has also been demonstrated in tests of SLT extracts. 10 Rostron BL, Chang CM, van Bemmel DM, Xia Y, Blount BC. Nicotine and toxicant exposure among U.S. Smokeless tobacco users: results from 1999 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(12):1829-37. Doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0376., 11 Song MA, Marian C, Brasky TM, Reisinger S, Djordjevic M, Shields PG.

Chemical and toxicological characteristics of conventional and low-TSNA moist snuff tobacco products. Toxicol Lett 2016;245:68-77., 12 Lam EWN, Kelley EE, Martin SM, Buettner GR. Tobacco xenobiotics release nitric oxide. Contoh program latihan fisik sepak bola. Tob Induc Dis 2003;1(3):207-11. Further, while pasteurized Swedish snus contains key carcinogens at a concentration of 601 to 5,850 ng/g, concentrations of 1,520 to 20,500 ng/g and a minimum of 295,000 ng/g, respectively, are reported for American factory-fermented snus and toombak, a compost pile-fermented SLT.

7 Agaku IT, King BA, Husten CG, Bunnell R, Ambrose BK, Hu SS, Holder-Hayes E, Day HR; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Any dvd cloner platinum for mac crack wifi. Tobacco product use among adults—United States, 2012–2013. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014;63(25):542-7.

In a comparison of American ‘snus’ (moist snuff) and Swedish snus, the latter had considerably higher proportions of un-ionized nicotine. (median 81.8% vs 3.17%), a higher pH (8.68 versus 6.54), and contained 53.4% moisture versus 30.3%. 13 Seidenberg AB, Ayo-Yusuf OA, Rees VW. Characteristics of 'American snus' and Swedish snus products for sale in Massachusetts, USA.

Nicotine Tob Res 2018;20(2):262-266. Doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw334. Un-ionized nicotine is more rapidly absorbed across oral mucous membranes at the intraoral physiologic pH than ionized nicotine.

14 Richter P, Hodge K, Stanfill S, Zhang L, Watson C. Surveillance of moist snuff: total nicotine, moisture, pH, un-ionized nicotine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Nicotine & Tobacco Res 2008;10(11):1645-52. Cadmium, nickel, nitrate, lead, chromium, ammonia, arsenic and benzo[a]pyrene may be found in moist snuff, 11 Song MA, Marian C, Brasky TM, Reisinger S, Djordjevic M, Shields PG. Chemical and toxicological characteristics of conventional and low-TSNA moist snuff tobacco products. Toxicol Lett 2016;245:68-77.

And SLT may also contain ammonium chloride, sodium chloride, paraffin oil, glycerol and flavorings. 5 Savitz DA, Meyer RE, Tanzer JM, Mirvish SS, Lewin F. Public health implications of smokeless tobacco use as a harm reduction strategy. Am J Public Health 2006;96(11):1934-9. Trace amounts of vanadium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, chlorine, calcium, copper and bromine can be present in paan and gutkha. 4 Niaz K, Maqbool F, Khan F, Bahadar H, Ismail Hassan F, Abdollahi M.

Smokeless tobacco (paan and gutkha) consumption, prevalence, and contribution to oral cancer. Epidemiol Health 2017;39:e2017009. American snus contains key carcinogens at a concentration of 1,520 to 20,500 ng/g. Impact on Systemic Health Recently, a study was published examining the association of SLT with all- and specific-cause mortality. 15 Timberlake DS, Nikitin D, Johnson NJ, Altekruse SF. A longitudinal study of smokeless tobacco use and mortality in the United States.